diff --git a/edge/detectors/fall.py b/edge/detectors/fall.py
index 8256a52..6e27c4a 100644
--- a/edge/detectors/fall.py
+++ b/edge/detectors/fall.py
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from edge.tracking import Track
 from edge.geometry import (
-    torso_angle_deg, head_below_hips, core_visible, visible_count, normalize,
+    torso_angle_deg, head_below_hips, core_visible, visible_count,
+    track_displacement,
 )
 
 
@@ -55,15 +56,6 @@ class FallDetector:
                        "aspect_ratio": round(ar, 2),
                        "height_remaining": round(remaining, 2)}
 
-    def _displacement(self, track: Track) -> float:
-        if len(track.frames) < 2:
-            return 1.0
-        a, b = track.frames[-2], track.frames[-1]
-        h = b.bbox.height or 1.0
-        d = sum(((p.x - q.x) ** 2 + (p.y - q.y) ** 2) ** 0.5
-                for p, q in zip(a.keypoints, b.keypoints)) / len(b.keypoints)
-        return normalize(d, h)
-
     def update(self, track: Track, now: float) -> tuple[str | None, dict]:
         st = self._states.setdefault(track.track_id, _State())
         f = track.latest
@@ -106,7 +98,7 @@ class FallDetector:
 
         # FALLEN 이후 미동 감시
         if st.fall_emitted:
-            if self._displacement(track) < self.cfg.motion_thr:
+            if track_displacement(track) < self.cfg.motion_thr:
                 if st.still_since is None:
                     st.still_since = now
                 elif now - st.still_since >= self.cfg.no_motion_s and not st.no_motion_emitted:
diff --git a/edge/detectors/immobility.py b/edge/detectors/immobility.py
index 3a0dd6d..5ca8721 100644
--- a/edge/detectors/immobility.py
+++ b/edge/detectors/immobility.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from edge.tracking import Track
-from edge.geometry import normalize
+from edge.geometry import track_displacement
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -21,19 +21,10 @@ class ImmobilityWatchdog:
         self._still_since.pop(track_id, None)
         self._fired.discard(track_id)
 
-    def _displacement(self, track: Track) -> float:
-        if len(track.frames) < 2:
-            return 1.0
-        a, b = track.frames[-2], track.frames[-1]
-        h = b.bbox.height or 1.0
-        d = sum(((p.x - q.x) ** 2 + (p.y - q.y) ** 2) ** 0.5
-                for p, q in zip(a.keypoints, b.keypoints)) / len(b.keypoints)
-        return normalize(d, h)
-
     def update(self, track: Track, now: float, in_danger_zone: bool = False) -> tuple[bool, dict]:
         tid = track.track_id
         window = self.cfg.zone_immobile_s if in_danger_zone else self.cfg.immobile_s
-        if self._displacement(track) >= self.cfg.motion_thr:
+        if track_displacement(track) >= self.cfg.motion_thr:
             self._still_since.pop(tid, None)
             self._fired.discard(tid)
             return False, {}
diff --git a/edge/geometry.py b/edge/geometry.py
index 9e4e86a..a2626c4 100644
--- a/edge/geometry.py
+++ b/edge/geometry.py
@@ -53,3 +53,14 @@ def height_of(bbox: BBox) -> float:
 
 def normalize(value: float, bbox_height: float) -> float:
     return value / bbox_height if bbox_height else 0.0
+
+
+def track_displacement(track) -> float:
+    """Mean per-keypoint displacement between the last two frames, normalized by bbox height. 1.0 if <2 frames."""
+    if len(track.frames) < 2:
+        return 1.0
+    a, b = track.frames[-2], track.frames[-1]
+    h = b.bbox.height or 1.0
+    d = sum(((p.x - q.x) ** 2 + (p.y - q.y) ** 2) ** 0.5
+            for p, q in zip(a.keypoints, b.keypoints)) / len(b.keypoints)
+    return normalize(d, h)
diff --git a/tests/test_geometry.py b/tests/test_geometry.py
index 565b445..5593718 100644
--- a/tests/test_geometry.py
+++ b/tests/test_geometry.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import math
+from collections import deque
 from edge.models import Keypoint, BBox
+from edge.tracking import Track, TrackFrame
 from edge.geometry import (
     com, torso_angle_deg, head_below_hips, visible_count,
-    core_visible, normalize,
+    core_visible, normalize, track_displacement,
 )
 
 def _kps(overrides):
@@ -37,3 +39,18 @@ def test_visible_count_and_core_visible():
 def test_normalize_divides_by_bbox_height():
     assert normalize(30, 60) == 0.5
     assert normalize(30, 0) == 0.0
+
+def test_track_displacement_defaults_to_one_with_fewer_than_two_frames():
+    tr = Track(1, deque(maxlen=90))
+    tr.frames.append(TrackFrame(0.0, BBox(0, 0, 20, 60),
+                                 [Keypoint(0, 0, 0.9) for _ in range(17)]))
+    assert track_displacement(tr) == 1.0
+
+def test_track_displacement_normalizes_mean_delta_by_bbox_height():
+    tr = Track(1, deque(maxlen=90))
+    tr.frames.append(TrackFrame(0.0, BBox(0, 0, 20, 60),
+                                 [Keypoint(0, 0, 0.9) for _ in range(17)]))
+    tr.frames.append(TrackFrame(0.1, BBox(0, 0, 20, 60),
+                                 [Keypoint(6, 8, 0.9) for _ in range(17)]))
+    # per-point delta = sqrt(6^2+8^2) = 10; bbox height = 60 -> 10/60
+    assert math.isclose(track_displacement(tr), 10 / 60)